Capsicum annuum is the fruit of Capsicum annuum. Pepper was introduced to China in the Ming Dynasty, and it was said in the Pharmacological Examination that it could warm the middle warmer to dispel cold, dispel wind and sweat to get rid of cold addiction, and expel phlegm and dampness, and was used to treat stomach diseases, rheumatism, neuralgia and so on. Capsaicin in pepper ball is a mixture containing 14 mutually soluble spicy components extracted directly from red pepper. This mixture was extracted as early as 1816, and the basic structure of each component was not determined until 1898, which proved that it was basically vanillin. Due to the different side chains of fat, there are 14 kinds. Among them. Capsaicin accounts for about 46% ~ 77% and dihydrocapsaicin accounts for about 21% ~ 40%, both of which account for more than 90%. In addition, there are a few dihydrocapsaicin, homocapsaicin and homodihydrocapsaicin, etc. At present, it is found that dihydrocapsaicin homologues are the main components in some pepper varieties. . The content and composition of capsaicin in pepper balls are different due to the variety, maturity, climatic conditions and soil properties of peppers. The content of capsaicin in different parts of fruit is also different, with the highest content in placenta and diaphragm tissue, the second in pulp and the lowest in seed.Capsaicin in pepper ball has the functions of relieving pain, resisting cancer, regulating blood lipid, resisting bacteria and diminishing inflammation, reducing weight, resisting fatigue, etc. It can also cause skin blood vessels to dilate, improve microcirculation, and can also produce a series of physiological reactions and repelling effects on people and animals by using its pungent taste. Capsaicin in pepper balls can also be used as a functional food additive, which can dispel wind and promote blood circulation, dispel cold and relieve depression, relieve stagnation and pain, stop addiction and wipe tinea, promote energy metabolism and hyperactivity of human body, enhance vasodilation and contraction function, and have strong antioxidant capacity, and can be used as food additives, national defense and public security preparations, and external medicines. However, the phenolic compounds in crude capsaicin in pepper balls can antagonize the effect of capsaicin on neuropeptide. This crude capsaicin can not induce neuropeptide activity in clinic, but will aggravate pain and inflammation. Therefore, extracting and separating high-purity capsaicin is of great significance for improving the application value of pepper and promoting the development of pepper industry in China.