Based on the principle that the phenolic hydroxyl group of capsaicin is weakly acidic and can react with strong alkali, sodium hydroxide solution is used as solvent to react with capsaicin, and different alkali dosage, soaking time and soaking temperature are compared. The optimal technological conditions are obtained as follows: capsaicin: 20% Na OH solution =1 g:9 m L, soaking at 80℃ for 2 h. This method is simple and easy, but the operation is time-consuming and the yield is not high. Under the optimal conditions, the extraction rate is only 0.84%.